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CCST-150

Cisco 100-150 · Networking Fragen

Speaking-Fragenkatalog zur CCST-Networking-Prüfung: OSI/TCP-IP, IPv4/IPv6, Subnetting, Switching, Routing, VLANs, Cisco IOS, Sicherheit und Troubleshooting-Szenarien.

892 Fragen

1.1 What Is a Network?

  1. What is a computer network? →
  2. Why do computers need networks? →
  3. What are the main components of a network? →
  4. What is a network device? →
  5. What is a network host? →
  6. What is a client? →
  7. What is a server? →
  8. What is a peer-to-peer network? →
  9. What is a client-server network? →
  10. What is a network topology? →
  11. What is a physical topology? →
  12. What is a logical topology? →
  13. What is a network protocol? →
  14. Why are protocols necessary? →
  15. What is network communication? →
  16. What is a data packet? →
  17. What information does a packet contain? →
  18. What is encapsulation? →
  19. What is decapsulation? →
  20. Why is understanding networking important for an IT support technician? →

2.1 LAN, WAN and Other Networks

  1. What is a LAN? →
  2. What is a WAN? →
  3. What is a WLAN? →
  4. What is a MAN? →
  5. What is a PAN? →
  6. What is a SAN? →
  7. What is a SOHO network? →
  8. What is the Internet? →
  9. What is an intranet? →
  10. What is an extranet? →
  11. What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN? →
  12. What is the difference between the Internet and an intranet? →
  13. What type of network would you use in a small office? →
  14. What type of network connects geographically distant offices? →
  15. What is a home network? →
  16. What is an enterprise network? →

3.1 Physical and Logical Topologies

  1. What is a network topology? →
  2. What is a bus topology? →
  3. What is a star topology? →
  4. What is a ring topology? →
  5. What is a mesh topology? →
  6. What is a hybrid topology? →
  7. What is a point-to-point connection? →
  8. What is a point-to-multipoint connection? →
  9. What are the advantages of a star topology? →
  10. What are the disadvantages of a star topology? →
  11. What are the advantages of a mesh topology? →
  12. Why is star topology commonly used in modern Ethernet networks? →
  13. What happens if the central switch in a star topology fails? →
  14. What is network redundancy? →
  15. Why is redundancy important? →

4.1 Seven Layers

  1. What is the OSI model? →
  2. Why was the OSI model created? →
  3. How many layers does the OSI model have? →
  4. What are the seven OSI layers? →
  5. What is the Physical layer? →
  6. What is the Data Link layer? →
  7. What is the Network layer? →
  8. What is the Transport layer? →
  9. What is the Session layer? →
  10. What is the Presentation layer? →
  11. What is the Application layer? →
  12. What happens at the Physical layer? →
  13. What happens at the Data Link layer? →
  14. What happens at the Network layer? →
  15. What happens at the Transport layer? →
  16. What happens at the Session layer? →
  17. What happens at the Presentation layer? →
  18. What happens at the Application layer? →
  19. Which layer uses MAC addresses? →
  20. Which layer uses IP addresses? →
  21. Which layer uses TCP and UDP? →
  22. At which layer does a switch primarily operate? →
  23. At which layer does a router primarily operate? →
  24. How can the OSI model help with troubleshooting? →
  25. How would you use the OSI model to troubleshoot a network problem? →

5.1 TCP/IP Architecture

  1. What is the TCP/IP model? →
  2. What are the layers of the TCP/IP model? →
  3. How is the TCP/IP model different from the OSI model? →
  4. Which OSI layers correspond to the TCP/IP Application layer? →
  5. Which TCP/IP layer handles IP? →
  6. Which TCP/IP layer handles TCP and UDP? →
  7. Why is the TCP/IP model important? →
  8. Which model is commonly used when discussing real-world Internet communication? →
  9. How does data move through the TCP/IP model? →
  10. What happens when a host sends data across a network? →

6.1 PDUs

  1. What is encapsulation? →
  2. What is decapsulation? →
  3. What is a protocol data unit? →
  4. What is a bit? →
  5. What is a frame? →
  6. What is a packet? →
  7. What is a segment? →
  8. What is a datagram? →
  9. What is the difference between a frame and a packet? →
  10. What is the difference between a packet and a segment? →
  11. How does data change as it moves down the protocol stack? →
  12. How does data change as it moves up the protocol stack? →
  13. Why are headers added to data? →
  14. What information can be found in a frame? →
  15. What information can be found in an IP packet? →
  16. What information can be found in a TCP segment? →

7.1 Ethernet Fundamentals

  1. What is Ethernet? →
  2. Where is Ethernet commonly used? →
  3. What IEEE standard defines Ethernet? →
  4. What is an Ethernet frame? →
  5. What is a MAC address? →
  6. Why does Ethernet use MAC addresses? →
  7. What is a source MAC address? →
  8. What is a destination MAC address? →
  9. What is a broadcast frame? →
  10. What is a unicast frame? →
  11. What is a multicast frame? →
  12. What is Ethernet switching? →
  13. What is full-duplex communication? →
  14. What is half-duplex communication? →
  15. Why is full-duplex preferred in modern Ethernet networks? →
  16. What is auto-negotiation? →
  17. What is Ethernet speed? →
  18. What is bandwidth? →
  19. What is throughput? →
  20. What is latency? →

8.1 MAC Addressing

  1. What is a MAC address? →
  2. How long is a standard MAC address? →
  3. How is a MAC address normally written? →
  4. What is a unicast MAC address? →
  5. What is a broadcast MAC address? →
  6. What is a multicast MAC address? →
  7. What is a burned-in address? →
  8. Can a device have multiple MAC addresses? →
  9. Why can a computer have multiple MAC addresses? →
  10. What is the difference between a MAC address and an IP address? →
  11. Does a MAC address normally change when a packet crosses a router? →
  12. Does an IP address normally identify the same thing as a MAC address? →
  13. How can you find a computer's MAC address? →

9.1 Switches

  1. What is a network switch? →
  2. What does a switch do? →
  3. How does a switch learn MAC addresses? →
  4. What is a MAC address table? →
  5. What is a CAM table? →
  6. What happens when a switch receives a frame? →
  7. What happens if the destination MAC address is known? →
  8. What happens if the destination MAC address is unknown? →
  9. What is MAC address flooding? →
  10. What is a broadcast frame? →
  11. What is a broadcast domain? →
  12. How does a switch handle broadcast traffic? →
  13. What is an unmanaged switch? →
  14. What is a managed switch? →
  15. What is the difference between a switch and a hub? →
  16. Why are switches preferred over hubs? →

9.2 Routers

  1. What is a router? →
  2. What does a router do? →
  3. Why does a router use IP addresses? →
  4. What is a routing table? →
  5. What information is stored in a routing table? →
  6. How does a router decide where to send a packet? →
  7. What is the next hop? →
  8. What is a default route? →
  9. What is a default gateway? →
  10. Why does a host need a default gateway? →
  11. What happens when a router receives a packet? →
  12. What is the difference between switching and routing? →
  13. What is the difference between a router and a Layer 3 switch? →

9.3 Other Network Devices

  1. What is a wireless access point? →
  2. What does an access point do? →
  3. What is a firewall? →
  4. What is a modem? →
  5. What is a repeater? →
  6. What is a bridge? →
  7. What is a network controller? →
  8. What is a wireless LAN controller? →
  9. What is the difference between an access point and a wireless router? →
  10. What is the role of a firewall in a network? →

10.1 Copper Cabling

  1. What is twisted-pair cable? →
  2. What is UTP? →
  3. What is STP? →
  4. What is the difference between UTP and STP? →
  5. What is an Ethernet cable? →
  6. What is an RJ-45 connector? →
  7. What is Cat5e? →
  8. What is Cat6? →
  9. What is Cat6a? →
  10. What is the difference between Cat5e, Cat6 and Cat6a? →
  11. What is cable interference? →
  12. What is electromagnetic interference? →
  13. What is crosstalk? →
  14. Why are copper Ethernet cables twisted? →
  15. What is the maximum typical distance for copper Ethernet? →
  16. What can happen if an Ethernet cable is too long? →
  17. How would you test an Ethernet cable? →

10.2 Fiber Optics

  1. What is fiber-optic cable? →
  2. How does fiber transmit data? →
  3. What is single-mode fiber? →
  4. What is multimode fiber? →
  5. What is the difference between single-mode and multimode fiber? →
  6. What are the advantages of fiber over copper? →
  7. What are the disadvantages of fiber? →
  8. Why is fiber useful for long-distance communication? →
  9. What can damage a fiber-optic cable? →
  10. How would you troubleshoot a fiber connection? →

11.1 Wi-Fi Fundamentals

  1. What is Wi-Fi? →
  2. What IEEE standards are associated with Wi-Fi? →
  3. What is an SSID? →
  4. What is a BSSID? →
  5. What is a wireless access point? →
  6. What is a wireless client? →
  7. What is a wireless channel? →
  8. What is channel interference? →
  9. What is signal strength? →
  10. What is RSSI? →
  11. What is wireless bandwidth? →
  12. What is latency in a wireless network? →
  13. What can reduce Wi-Fi performance? →
  14. How can walls affect Wi-Fi? →
  15. How can distance affect Wi-Fi? →
  16. How can interference affect Wi-Fi? →

11.2 Wireless Security

  1. What is WEP? →
  2. Why is WEP insecure? →
  3. What is WPA? →
  4. What is WPA2? →
  5. What is WPA3? →
  6. What is the difference between WPA2 and WPA3? →
  7. What is a Wi-Fi password? →
  8. What is wireless authentication? →
  9. What is a guest wireless network? →
  10. Why should guest users be separated from internal systems? →
  11. What is an evil twin attack? →
  12. What is a rogue access point? →
  13. How can you secure a wireless network? →
  14. Why should default Wi-Fi credentials be changed? →

12.1 IPv4 Fundamentals

  1. What is IPv4? →
  2. How many bits are in an IPv4 address? →
  3. How is an IPv4 address represented? →
  4. What is an octet? →
  5. What is a network portion? →
  6. What is a host portion? →
  7. What is a subnet mask? →
  8. What is CIDR notation? →
  9. What does /24 mean? →
  10. What does /16 mean? →
  11. What does /8 mean? →
  12. What is a network address? →
  13. What is a broadcast address? →
  14. What is a host address? →
  15. Which IPv4 addresses are reserved? →
  16. What is a private IPv4 address? →
  17. What are the private IPv4 ranges? →
  18. What is a public IPv4 address? →
  19. What is the loopback address? →
  20. What is APIPA? →
  21. What does 169.254.0.0/16 represent? →
  22. What is a default gateway? →
  23. Why does a host need a default gateway? →

13.1 Subnetting Fundamentals

  1. What is subnetting? →
  2. Why do we use subnetting? →
  3. What is a subnet? →
  4. What is a subnet mask? →
  5. What is CIDR? →
  6. What does /24 mean? →
  7. What does /25 mean? →
  8. What does /26 mean? →
  9. What does /27 mean? →
  10. What does /28 mean? →
  11. How many usable hosts can a /24 network have? →
  12. How many usable hosts can a /25 network have? →
  13. How many usable hosts can a /26 network have? →
  14. How many usable hosts can a /27 network have? →
  15. How do you calculate the number of hosts in a subnet? →
  16. How do you identify the network address? →
  17. How do you identify the broadcast address? →
  18. How do you identify the usable host range? →
  19. How do you determine whether two IP addresses are in the same subnet? →
  20. Why is subnetting important for network design? →

13.2 Subnetting Practice

  1. What is the network address of 192.168.1.25/24? →
  2. What is the broadcast address of 192.168.1.25/24? →
  3. What is the usable host range? →
  4. What is the network address of 192.168.1.130/25? →
  5. What is the broadcast address? →
  6. What is the usable host range? →
  7. Are 192.168.10.10/24 and 192.168.10.200/24 in the same subnet? →
  8. Are 192.168.10.10/25 and 192.168.10.200/25 in the same subnet? →
  9. Which subnet contains 10.20.30.75/26? →
  10. How many hosts can that subnet support? →

14.1 IPv6 Fundamentals

  1. Why was IPv6 introduced? →
  2. How many bits are in an IPv6 address? →
  3. How is an IPv6 address represented? →
  4. What is hexadecimal notation? →
  5. What is IPv6 address compression? →
  6. What is IPv6 address expansion? →
  7. What is a link-local IPv6 address? →
  8. What is the IPv6 loopback address? →
  9. What is a global unicast address? →
  10. What is a unique local address? →
  11. What is multicast in IPv6? →
  12. Does IPv6 use broadcast? →
  13. What is SLAAC? →
  14. What is DHCPv6? →
  15. What is the difference between SLAAC and DHCPv6? →
  16. What is the IPv6 default gateway? →
  17. What are the advantages of IPv6? →
  18. What are some differences between IPv4 and IPv6? →

15.1 Dynamic Addressing

  1. What is DHCP? →
  2. Why is DHCP used? →
  3. What information can DHCP provide to a client? →
  4. What is a DHCP server? →
  5. What is a DHCP client? →
  6. What is a DHCP lease? →
  7. What is the DHCP DORA process? →
  8. What does DHCP Discover do? →
  9. What does DHCP Offer do? →
  10. What does DHCP Request do? →
  11. What does DHCP Acknowledgment do? →
  12. What happens when a DHCP lease expires? →
  13. What happens if a DHCP server is unavailable? →
  14. What is a DHCP scope? →
  15. What is a DHCP reservation? →
  16. What is a DHCP exclusion? →
  17. Why might a network use static IP addresses instead of DHCP? →

16.1 Domain Name System

  1. What is DNS? →
  2. Why do we need DNS? →
  3. What is a DNS server? →
  4. What is a DNS client? →
  5. What is a domain name? →
  6. What is a hostname? →
  7. What is a fully qualified domain name? →
  8. What is an FQDN? →
  9. What is a DNS record? →
  10. What is an A record? →
  11. What is an AAAA record? →
  12. What is a CNAME record? →
  13. What is an MX record? →
  14. What is a PTR record? →
  15. What is DNS resolution? →
  16. What happens when you type a website name into a browser? →
  17. What is DNS caching? →
  18. Why can DNS caching cause troubleshooting problems? →
  19. What is DNS poisoning? →
  20. How would you troubleshoot a DNS problem? →
  21. What does nslookup do? →
  22. What does dig do? →

17.1 Transport Layer

  1. What is the Transport layer? →
  2. What is TCP? →
  3. What is UDP? →
  4. What is the difference between TCP and UDP? →
  5. Why is TCP considered connection-oriented? →
  6. Why is UDP considered connectionless? →
  7. What is reliability? →
  8. What is retransmission? →
  9. What is flow control? →
  10. What is TCP sequencing? →
  11. What is a TCP port? →
  12. What is a source port? →
  13. What is a destination port? →
  14. What is a TCP three-way handshake? →
  15. What is SYN? →
  16. What is SYN-ACK? →
  17. What is ACK? →
  18. Why does TCP use a three-way handshake? →
  19. When would UDP be preferred over TCP? →
  20. What applications commonly use UDP? →

18.1 Protocol Knowledge

  1. What is HTTP? →
  2. What is HTTPS? →
  3. What is FTP? →
  4. What is SFTP? →
  5. What is SSH? →
  6. What is Telnet? →
  7. Why is Telnet insecure? →
  8. What is SMTP? →
  9. What is POP3? →
  10. What is IMAP? →
  11. What is SNMP? →
  12. What is ICMP? →
  13. What is ARP? →
  14. What is NTP? →
  15. What is LDAP? →
  16. Which protocol is used for secure remote administration? →
  17. Which protocol is used to resolve domain names? →
  18. Which protocol is used to automatically assign IP addresses? →
  19. Which protocol is used to synchronize time? →
  20. Which protocol is used to test network reachability? →

19.1 Important Ports

  1. What is a port number? →
  2. Why are ports necessary? →
  3. What is TCP port 20? →
  4. What is TCP port 21? →
  5. What is TCP port 22? →
  6. What is TCP port 23? →
  7. What is TCP port 25? →
  8. What is UDP port 53? →
  9. What is TCP port 53? →
  10. What is UDP port 67? →
  11. What is UDP port 68? →
  12. What is TCP port 80? →
  13. What is TCP port 110? →
  14. What is TCP port 143? →
  15. What is TCP port 443? →
  16. What is TCP port 445? →
  17. What is UDP port 123? →
  18. What is UDP port 161? →
  19. What is the difference between a port and an IP address? →
  20. How can ports help you troubleshoot network problems? →

20.1 Address Resolution Protocol

  1. What is ARP? →
  2. Why is ARP needed in IPv4 networks? →
  3. How does ARP work? →
  4. What is an ARP request? →
  5. What is an ARP reply? →
  6. What is an ARP cache? →
  7. How can you view an ARP table? →
  8. What happens if a host does not know the MAC address of another host? →
  9. What is ARP spoofing? →
  10. Why can ARP spoofing be dangerous? →

21.1 Network Diagnostics

  1. What is ICMP? →
  2. What is ICMP used for? →
  3. How does ping use ICMP? →
  4. What is an ICMP echo request? →
  5. What is an ICMP echo reply? →
  6. What does a successful ping tell you? →
  7. What does a failed ping tell you? →
  8. Can a failed ping always mean that a host is offline? →
  9. What is traceroute? →
  10. How does traceroute help troubleshoot networks? →
  11. What can packet loss indicate? →
  12. What can high latency indicate? →

22.1 NAT

  1. What is NAT? →
  2. Why is NAT used? →
  3. What is a private IP address? →
  4. What is a public IP address? →
  5. How does NAT translate addresses? →
  6. What is PAT? →
  7. Why is PAT commonly used in home networks? →
  8. What happens when a private host accesses the Internet? →
  9. What are the advantages of NAT? →
  10. What are some limitations of NAT? →
  11. How can NAT affect troubleshooting? →

23.1 Virtual LANs

  1. What is a VLAN? →
  2. Why are VLANs used? →
  3. How does a VLAN logically separate devices? →
  4. What is VLAN segmentation? →
  5. What is a VLAN ID? →
  6. What is an access port? →
  7. What is a trunk port? →
  8. What is the difference between an access port and a trunk port? →
  9. What is 802.1Q? →
  10. Why are VLANs useful for security? →
  11. Why are VLANs useful for network management? →
  12. Can devices in different VLANs communicate directly? →
  13. What device is normally needed for communication between VLANs? →
  14. What is inter-VLAN routing? →

24.1 Routing

  1. What is routing? →
  2. What is a route? →
  3. What is a routing table? →
  4. What information does a routing table contain? →
  5. What is a directly connected route? →
  6. What is a static route? →
  7. What is a dynamic route? →
  8. What is a default route? →
  9. What is a next hop? →
  10. What is a routing protocol? →
  11. What is the purpose of routing protocols? →
  12. What is the difference between static and dynamic routing? →
  13. What is a default gateway? →
  14. How does a router select a route? →
  15. What happens if a router has no route to the destination? →

25.1 Basic Concepts

  1. What is a dynamic routing protocol? →
  2. Why are dynamic routing protocols useful? →
  3. What is RIP? →
  4. What is OSPF? →
  5. What is EIGRP? →
  6. What is BGP? →
  7. What is an autonomous system? →
  8. What is a routing metric? →
  9. What is the purpose of a routing metric? →
  10. What is the difference between an interior and exterior routing protocol? →
  11. Why is OSPF commonly used in enterprise networks? →
  12. Why is BGP important for the Internet? →

26.1 Ethernet Switching

  1. How does a switch learn MAC addresses? →
  2. What is a MAC address table? →
  3. What happens when a switch receives an unknown unicast? →
  4. What happens when a switch receives a broadcast? →
  5. What happens when a switch receives a frame destined for a known MAC address? →
  6. What is frame forwarding? →
  7. What is frame flooding? →
  8. What is frame filtering? →
  9. What is a broadcast domain? →
  10. What is a collision domain? →
  11. How does a switch affect collision domains? →
  12. Why are collisions less common in modern switched networks? →

27.1 Securing a Network

  1. Why does a network need security? →
  2. What are common network security threats? →
  3. What is malware? →
  4. What is phishing? →
  5. What is a denial-of-service attack? →
  6. What is a man-in-the-middle attack? →
  7. What is spoofing? →
  8. What is MAC spoofing? →
  9. What is IP spoofing? →
  10. What is ARP spoofing? →
  11. What is DNS spoofing? →
  12. What is a rogue device? →
  13. What is a rogue access point? →
  14. What is network segmentation? →
  15. Why is network segmentation useful? →
  16. What is a firewall? →
  17. What is an ACL? →
  18. What is an access control list? →
  19. What does an ACL do? →
  20. What is the principle of least privilege? →
  21. Why should unused ports be disabled? →
  22. Why should network devices be updated? →
  23. Why should default passwords be changed? →

28.1 Traffic Filtering

  1. What is a firewall? →
  2. What is the purpose of a firewall? →
  3. What is packet filtering? →
  4. What is a firewall rule? →
  5. What is an allow rule? →
  6. What is a deny rule? →
  7. What is a stateful firewall? →
  8. What is a stateless firewall? →
  9. What is a host-based firewall? →
  10. What is a network firewall? →
  11. What is an ACL? →
  12. Where can an ACL be applied? →
  13. What information can an ACL use to filter traffic? →
  14. Why should firewall rules follow least privilege? →
  15. What can happen if a firewall rule is too permissive? →
  16. Why should firewall configurations be reviewed regularly? →

29.1 Monitoring Tools

  1. Why is network monitoring important? →
  2. What is network monitoring? →
  3. What is network performance monitoring? →
  4. What is bandwidth utilization? →
  5. What is latency? →
  6. What is jitter? →
  7. What is packet loss? →
  8. What is network availability? →
  9. What is SNMP? →
  10. What is a network management system? →
  11. What is a network log? →
  12. What is syslog? →
  13. Why are logs important? →
  14. What information can network logs provide? →
  15. What is a network baseline? →
  16. Why is a baseline useful? →
  17. How can you identify abnormal network behavior? →

30.1 Troubleshooting Process

  1. What is network troubleshooting? →
  2. What should you do first when troubleshooting a network problem? →
  3. What questions should you ask the user? →
  4. How can you identify the symptoms? →
  5. How can you determine the scope of the problem? →
  6. How can you determine whether the problem affects one device or many devices? →
  7. How can you determine whether the problem is physical or logical? →
  8. How can the OSI model help? →
  9. Why should you start with the simplest possible causes? →
  10. Why should you change one thing at a time? →
  11. How do you test a hypothesis? →
  12. How do you verify the solution? →
  13. Why should you document the troubleshooting process? →

31.1 Layer 1 Problems

  1. What are common Layer 1 problems? →
  2. How can a damaged cable affect connectivity? →
  3. How can a disconnected cable affect connectivity? →
  4. How can a faulty network port affect connectivity? →
  5. How can a powered-off switch affect connectivity? →
  6. How can a bad transceiver affect connectivity? →
  7. How can interference affect wireless connectivity? →
  8. How would you check a network cable? →
  9. How would you check whether a network interface is active? →
  10. How would you identify a physical layer problem? →

32.1 Layer 2 Problems

  1. What are common Layer 2 problems? →
  2. What is a MAC address? →
  3. What is an incorrect VLAN configuration? →
  4. What happens when a device is connected to the wrong VLAN? →
  5. What is a switching loop? →
  6. What is STP? →
  7. Why is STP important? →
  8. What is a broadcast storm? →
  9. What is MAC address flapping? →
  10. How can Layer 2 problems affect connectivity? →
  11. How would you troubleshoot a VLAN problem? →

33.1 Layer 3 Problems

  1. What are common Layer 3 problems? →
  2. What is an incorrect IP address? →
  3. What is an incorrect subnet mask? →
  4. What is an incorrect default gateway? →
  5. What is an incorrect route? →
  6. How can duplicate IP addresses cause problems? →
  7. How would you identify an IP addressing problem? →
  8. How would you test the default gateway? →
  9. How would you test connectivity to another subnet? →
  10. How would you troubleshoot a routing problem? →

34.1 Layer 4 Problems

  1. What are common Transport layer problems? →
  2. What is a blocked TCP port? →
  3. What is a blocked UDP port? →
  4. How can a firewall block an application? →
  5. How can incorrect port configuration affect connectivity? →
  6. How would you determine whether a specific port is reachable? →
  7. What is a connection timeout? →
  8. What can cause a TCP connection to fail? →

34.2 Application Layer Problems

  1. What are common Application layer problems? →
  2. How can DNS cause application problems? →
  3. How can HTTP errors help troubleshoot a website? →
  4. How can incorrect application configuration cause network problems? →
  5. How would you troubleshoot an application that cannot connect to a server? →

35.1 Windows Commands

  1. What does ipconfig do? →
  2. What does ipconfig /all show? →
  3. What does ipconfig /release do? →
  4. What does ipconfig /renew do? →
  5. What does ipconfig /flushdns do? →
  6. What does ping do? →
  7. What does tracert do? →
  8. What does nslookup do? →
  9. What does netstat do? →
  10. What does arp do? →
  11. What does route do? →
  12. What does hostname do? →
  13. What does getmac do? →
  14. Which command would you use to check DHCP information? →
  15. Which command would you use to test DNS resolution? →
  16. Which command would you use to test basic connectivity? →
  17. Which command would you use to see the path to a remote host? →

36.1 Cisco Devices

  1. What is Cisco IOS? →
  2. What is a Cisco switch? →
  3. What is a Cisco router? →
  4. What is the console port? →
  5. What is the management interface? →
  6. What is the CLI? →
  7. Why is the Cisco CLI useful? →
  8. What is user EXEC mode? →
  9. What is privileged EXEC mode? →
  10. What is global configuration mode? →
  11. How do you enter privileged EXEC mode? →
  12. How do you enter global configuration mode? →
  13. How do you return to a previous mode? →
  14. What does the enable command do? →
  15. What does the configure terminal command do? →
  16. What does the show command do? →
  17. What does show running-config display? →
  18. What does show startup-config display? →
  19. What does show ip interface brief display? →
  20. What does show interfaces display? →
  21. What does show version display? →
  22. Why is show useful for troubleshooting? →

37.1 Device Configuration

  1. How would you configure a hostname on a Cisco device? →
  2. Why should network devices have meaningful hostnames? →
  3. How would you configure a console password? →
  4. How would you configure an enable password? →
  5. What is enable secret? →
  6. Why is enable secret preferred over enable password? →
  7. How would you configure an IP address on an interface? →
  8. How would you enable an interface? →
  9. What does the no shutdown command do? →
  10. What does the shutdown command do? →
  11. How would you save a Cisco configuration? →
  12. What is the difference between running configuration and startup configuration? →
  13. Why must configuration changes be saved? →
  14. What happens if a device loses power before the configuration is saved? →

38.1 Interfaces

  1. What is a network interface? →
  2. What is an Ethernet interface? →
  3. What does "administratively down" mean? →
  4. What does "line protocol down" mean? →
  5. What does "up/up" mean? →
  6. What can cause an interface to be down? →
  7. How would you check the status of an interface? →
  8. What does show ip interface brief help you identify? →
  9. What does show interfaces provide? →
  10. How would you troubleshoot an interface that is down? →
  11. How would you troubleshoot a port with errors? →
  12. What can cause packet errors on an interface? →
  13. What can cause duplex mismatch? →
  14. What can cause speed mismatch? →

39.1 Cisco VLANs

  1. What is a VLAN? →
  2. Why are VLANs used? →
  3. How do you create a VLAN? →
  4. How do you assign a switch port to a VLAN? →
  5. What is an access port? →
  6. What is a trunk port? →
  7. What is VLAN tagging? →
  8. What is 802.1Q? →
  9. What is the native VLAN? →
  10. How would you verify VLAN configuration? →
  11. What would happen if a device is assigned to the wrong VLAN? →
  12. How would you troubleshoot a VLAN connectivity problem? →

40.1 Host Configuration

  1. How do you configure an IP address on Windows? →
  2. How do you configure a static IP address? →
  3. How do you configure DNS settings? →
  4. How do you configure a default gateway? →
  5. What happens if the subnet mask is incorrect? →
  6. What happens if the default gateway is incorrect? →
  7. What happens if DNS is incorrect? →
  8. How would you verify the IP configuration? →
  9. How would you identify a duplicate IP address? →
  10. How would you troubleshoot incorrect IP configuration? →

41.1 Performance Concepts

  1. What is bandwidth? →
  2. What is throughput? →
  3. What is latency? →
  4. What is jitter? →
  5. What is packet loss? →
  6. What is congestion? →
  7. What is network utilization? →
  8. What is the difference between bandwidth and throughput? →
  9. Why can a network have high bandwidth but low performance? →
  10. What can cause high latency? →
  11. What can cause packet loss? →
  12. What can cause jitter? →
  13. How would you troubleshoot a slow network? →
  14. How would you determine whether the problem is bandwidth-related? →

42.1 Reliability

  1. What is network availability? →
  2. What is network reliability? →
  3. What is redundancy? →
  4. Why is redundancy important? →
  5. What is a single point of failure? →
  6. How can a network eliminate single points of failure? →
  7. What is link redundancy? →
  8. What is device redundancy? →
  9. What is a backup link? →
  10. What is high availability? →
  11. Why is high availability important in enterprise networks? →

43.1 Documentation

  1. Why is network documentation important? →
  2. What is a network diagram? →
  3. What is a physical network diagram? →
  4. What is a logical network diagram? →
  5. What information should a network diagram contain? →
  6. What is an IP address table? →
  7. What is a device inventory? →
  8. Why should switch ports be documented? →
  9. Why should VLAN information be documented? →
  10. Why should network changes be documented? →
  11. How can documentation help with troubleshooting? →

Scenario 1 — One PC Has No Internet

  1. A single PC cannot access the Internet. What would you check first? →
  2. How would you check the physical connection? →
  3. How would you check the IP address? →
  4. How would you check the default gateway? →
  5. How would you test DNS? →
  6. How would you determine whether the problem is on the PC or the network? →
  7. Which commands would you use? →

Scenario 2 — Nobody Has Internet

  1. Ten users suddenly lose Internet access. What would you investigate? →
  2. How would you determine the scope of the problem? →
  3. Which network devices would you check? →
  4. How would you check the default gateway? →
  5. How would you determine whether the ISP connection is working? →
  6. What would you check before restarting network equipment? →
  7. How would you document the incident? →

Scenario 3 — DNS Problem

“Users can ping 8.8.8.8, but they cannot open websites by name.”

  1. What does this tell you? →
  2. What component would you investigate? →
  3. How would you test DNS? →
  4. Which command would you use? →
  5. How would you determine whether the DNS server is reachable? →
  6. How would you fix the problem? →

Scenario 4 — DHCP Problem

“A new computer receives an IP address beginning with 169.254.”

  1. What does this indicate? →
  2. What is APIPA? →
  3. Why did the computer receive this address? →
  4. What would you check first? →
  5. How would you verify DHCP connectivity? →
  6. What devices could cause the problem? →
  7. How would you resolve it? →

Scenario 5 — Wrong VLAN

“A PC can communicate with some devices but cannot reach devices in another department.”

  1. What could cause this problem? →
  2. What would you check on the switch? →
  3. What is the PC's VLAN? →
  4. What is an access port? →
  5. Could the problem be related to routing? →
  6. How would you determine whether inter-VLAN routing is working? →

Scenario 6 — Slow Wi-Fi

“Users complain that Wi-Fi is extremely slow.”

  1. What possible causes would you investigate? →
  2. How could signal strength affect performance? →
  3. How could interference affect performance? →
  4. How could channel congestion affect performance? →
  5. How would you determine whether the problem affects one user or everyone? →
  6. How would you test the connection? →
  7. What improvements could you recommend? →

Scenario 7 — Duplicate IP Address

“Two computers report an IP address conflict.”

  1. What is an IP address conflict? →
  2. What can cause duplicate IP addresses? →
  3. How would you identify the affected devices? →
  4. How would you determine whether DHCP is involved? →
  5. How would you resolve the problem? →
  6. How could you prevent it from happening again? →

Scenario 8 — Switch Port Problem

“A PC suddenly loses network connectivity after being moved to another desk.”

  1. What would you check first? →
  2. Could the switch port be the problem? →
  3. Could the VLAN be the problem? →
  4. Could the cable be the problem? →
  5. Which Cisco commands could help? →
  6. How would you verify the switch port configuration? →

Scenario 9 — Routing Problem

“A user can communicate with devices on the local network but cannot reach another subnet.”

  1. What does this tell you? →
  2. What network layer would you investigate? →
  3. What would you check on the default gateway? →
  4. What would you check on the router? →
  5. What is a routing table? →
  6. What is a default route? →
  7. How would you test the route? →

Scenario 10 — Network Loop

“The network becomes extremely slow after someone connects a second cable between two switches.”

  1. What could be happening? →
  2. What is a switching loop? →
  3. What is a broadcast storm? →
  4. What is STP? →
  5. Why does STP exist? →
  6. How would you identify the affected ports? →
  7. How would you resolve the problem? →

Scenario 11 — Rogue Access Point

  1. What is a rogue access point? →
  2. Why is it dangerous? →
  3. How could you identify it? →
  4. How could you prevent unauthorized access points? →
  5. What should you do after discovering one? →

Scenario 12 — ARP Spoofing

  1. What is ARP spoofing? →
  2. How does ARP normally work? →
  3. How can an attacker abuse ARP? →
  4. What symptoms could indicate ARP spoofing? →
  5. How could you investigate it? →
  6. How could network segmentation help? →

Scenario 13 — Firewall Problem

“A user can access the Internet but cannot connect to an internal application.”

  1. What could cause this? →
  2. What ports does the application use? →
  3. How could a firewall block the connection? →
  4. How would you test whether a port is reachable? →
  5. What firewall configuration would you examine? →

46. Important "Difference Between" Questions

  1. What is the difference between a switch and a router? →
  2. What is the difference between a hub and a switch? →
  3. What is the difference between an access point and a router? →
  4. What is the difference between LAN and WAN? →
  5. What is the difference between LAN and WLAN? →
  6. What is the difference between MAC and IP addresses? →
  7. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6? →
  8. What is the difference between public and private IP addresses? →
  9. What is the difference between static and dynamic IP addressing? →
  10. What is the difference between DHCP and DNS? →
  11. What is the difference between TCP and UDP? →
  12. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS? →
  13. What is the difference between FTP and SFTP? →
  14. What is the difference between SSH and Telnet? →
  15. What is the difference between a frame and a packet? →
  16. What is the difference between a packet and a segment? →
  17. What is the difference between bandwidth and throughput? →
  18. What is the difference between latency and bandwidth? →
  19. What is the difference between a broadcast and a unicast? →
  20. What is the difference between a VLAN and a subnet? →
  21. What is the difference between an access port and a trunk port? →
  22. What is the difference between a physical and logical topology? →
  23. What is the difference between a static route and a dynamic route? →
  24. What is the difference between a default route and a specific route? →
  25. What is the difference between UTP and fiber? →
  26. What is the difference between single-mode and multimode fiber? →
  27. What is the difference between a firewall and an ACL? →
  28. What is the difference between a MAC address table and a routing table? →
  29. What is the difference between DNS resolution and DHCP? →
  30. What is the difference between troubleshooting Layer 1 and Layer 3? →

47. "Explain It Without Technical Jargon"

  1. Explain what a router does to a non-technical person. →
  2. Explain what a switch does to a non-technical person. →
  3. Explain what DNS does using a real-world example. →
  4. Explain DHCP using a real-world example. →
  5. Explain an IP address using a real-world example. →
  6. Explain a MAC address using a real-world example. →
  7. Explain a subnet using a real-world example. →
  8. Explain a firewall using a real-world example. →
  9. Explain Wi-Fi interference to a non-technical user. →
  10. Explain why a computer may have an IP address but still have no Internet access. →
  11. Explain why DNS problems can make the Internet appear to be down. →
  12. Explain why a default gateway is necessary. →
  13. Explain why a switch and a router are different. →
  14. Explain what happens when someone opens a website. →
  15. Explain what happens when a computer joins a network. →

48. Final CCST Networking Mock Exam — Oral Questions

  1. What happens when a computer starts and connects to a network? →
  2. What happens when you enter www.example.com into a browser? →
  3. How does DNS resolve a domain name? →
  4. How does DHCP provide an IP address? →
  5. How does a switch forward an Ethernet frame? →
  6. How does a router forward an IP packet? →
  7. What happens when a host wants to communicate with another subnet? →
  8. How does ARP work? →
  9. How does TCP establish a connection? →
  10. What is the difference between TCP and UDP? →
  11. How does HTTPS protect communication? →
  12. How would you troubleshoot a computer with no Internet? →
  13. How would you troubleshoot a DNS problem? →
  14. How would you troubleshoot a DHCP problem? →
  15. How would you troubleshoot a VLAN problem? →
  16. How would you troubleshoot a routing problem? →
  17. How would you troubleshoot slow Wi-Fi? →
  18. How would you troubleshoot packet loss? →
  19. How would you troubleshoot high latency? →
  20. How would you troubleshoot a switch port? →
  21. How would you troubleshoot a router interface? →
  22. What would you check if two computers have an IP conflict? →
  23. What would you check if a device receives a 169.254.x.x address? →
  24. What would you check if you can ping an IP address but cannot access the website by name? →
  25. What would you check if you can access the local network but not the Internet? →
  26. What would you check if one VLAN cannot communicate with another VLAN? →
  27. What would you check if all users suddenly lose network connectivity? →
  28. How would you use the OSI model to troubleshoot a network problem? →
  29. Which Windows commands would you use to troubleshoot connectivity? →
  30. Which Cisco IOS commands would you use to troubleshoot a switch? →
  31. What is the difference between a MAC address and an IP address? →
  32. What is the difference between a switch and a router? →
  33. What is the difference between a VLAN and a subnet? →
  34. What is the difference between TCP and UDP? →
  35. What is the difference between DHCP and DNS? →
  36. What is the difference between bandwidth and throughput? →
  37. What is the difference between a frame and a packet? →
  38. What is the difference between an access port and a trunk port? →
  39. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6? →
  40. Explain the complete path of a packet from a user's computer to a server on the Internet. →