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CCST-150

Cisco 100-150 · Networking Fragen

Speaking-Fragenkatalog zur CCST-Networking-Prüfung: OSI/TCP-IP, IPv4/IPv6, Subnetting, Switching, Routing, VLANs, Cisco IOS, Sicherheit und Troubleshooting-Szenarien.

892 Fragen

1.1 What Is a Network?

  1. What is a computer network?
  2. Why do computers need networks?
  3. What are the main components of a network?
  4. What is a network device?
  5. What is a network host?
  6. What is a client?
  7. What is a server?
  8. What is a peer-to-peer network?
  9. What is a client-server network?
  10. What is a network topology?
  11. What is a physical topology?
  12. What is a logical topology?
  13. What is a network protocol?
  14. Why are protocols necessary?
  15. What is network communication?
  16. What is a data packet?
  17. What information does a packet contain?
  18. What is encapsulation?
  19. What is decapsulation?
  20. Why is understanding networking important for an IT support technician?

2.1 LAN, WAN and Other Networks

  1. What is a LAN?
  2. What is a WAN?
  3. What is a WLAN?
  4. What is a MAN?
  5. What is a PAN?
  6. What is a SAN?
  7. What is a SOHO network?
  8. What is the Internet?
  9. What is an intranet?
  10. What is an extranet?
  11. What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN?
  12. What is the difference between the Internet and an intranet?
  13. What type of network would you use in a small office?
  14. What type of network connects geographically distant offices?
  15. What is a home network?
  16. What is an enterprise network?

3.1 Physical and Logical Topologies

  1. What is a network topology?
  2. What is a bus topology?
  3. What is a star topology?
  4. What is a ring topology?
  5. What is a mesh topology?
  6. What is a hybrid topology?
  7. What is a point-to-point connection?
  8. What is a point-to-multipoint connection?
  9. What are the advantages of a star topology?
  10. What are the disadvantages of a star topology?
  11. What are the advantages of a mesh topology?
  12. Why is star topology commonly used in modern Ethernet networks?
  13. What happens if the central switch in a star topology fails?
  14. What is network redundancy?
  15. Why is redundancy important?

4.1 Seven Layers

  1. What is the OSI model?
  2. Why was the OSI model created?
  3. How many layers does the OSI model have?
  4. What are the seven OSI layers?
  5. What is the Physical layer?
  6. What is the Data Link layer?
  7. What is the Network layer?
  8. What is the Transport layer?
  9. What is the Session layer?
  10. What is the Presentation layer?
  11. What is the Application layer?
  12. What happens at the Physical layer?
  13. What happens at the Data Link layer?
  14. What happens at the Network layer?
  15. What happens at the Transport layer?
  16. What happens at the Session layer?
  17. What happens at the Presentation layer?
  18. What happens at the Application layer?
  19. Which layer uses MAC addresses?
  20. Which layer uses IP addresses?
  21. Which layer uses TCP and UDP?
  22. At which layer does a switch primarily operate?
  23. At which layer does a router primarily operate?
  24. How can the OSI model help with troubleshooting?
  25. How would you use the OSI model to troubleshoot a network problem?

5.1 TCP/IP Architecture

  1. What is the TCP/IP model?
  2. What are the layers of the TCP/IP model?
  3. How is the TCP/IP model different from the OSI model?
  4. Which OSI layers correspond to the TCP/IP Application layer?
  5. Which TCP/IP layer handles IP?
  6. Which TCP/IP layer handles TCP and UDP?
  7. Why is the TCP/IP model important?
  8. Which model is commonly used when discussing real-world Internet communication?
  9. How does data move through the TCP/IP model?
  10. What happens when a host sends data across a network?

6.1 PDUs

  1. What is encapsulation?
  2. What is decapsulation?
  3. What is a protocol data unit?
  4. What is a bit?
  5. What is a frame?
  6. What is a packet?
  7. What is a segment?
  8. What is a datagram?
  9. What is the difference between a frame and a packet?
  10. What is the difference between a packet and a segment?
  11. How does data change as it moves down the protocol stack?
  12. How does data change as it moves up the protocol stack?
  13. Why are headers added to data?
  14. What information can be found in a frame?
  15. What information can be found in an IP packet?
  16. What information can be found in a TCP segment?

7.1 Ethernet Fundamentals

  1. What is Ethernet?
  2. Where is Ethernet commonly used?
  3. What IEEE standard defines Ethernet?
  4. What is an Ethernet frame?
  5. What is a MAC address?
  6. Why does Ethernet use MAC addresses?
  7. What is a source MAC address?
  8. What is a destination MAC address?
  9. What is a broadcast frame?
  10. What is a unicast frame?
  11. What is a multicast frame?
  12. What is Ethernet switching?
  13. What is full-duplex communication?
  14. What is half-duplex communication?
  15. Why is full-duplex preferred in modern Ethernet networks?
  16. What is auto-negotiation?
  17. What is Ethernet speed?
  18. What is bandwidth?
  19. What is throughput?
  20. What is latency?

8.1 MAC Addressing

  1. What is a MAC address?
  2. How long is a standard MAC address?
  3. How is a MAC address normally written?
  4. What is a unicast MAC address?
  5. What is a broadcast MAC address?
  6. What is a multicast MAC address?
  7. What is a burned-in address?
  8. Can a device have multiple MAC addresses?
  9. Why can a computer have multiple MAC addresses?
  10. What is the difference between a MAC address and an IP address?
  11. Does a MAC address normally change when a packet crosses a router?
  12. Does an IP address normally identify the same thing as a MAC address?
  13. How can you find a computer's MAC address?

9.1 Switches

  1. What is a network switch?
  2. What does a switch do?
  3. How does a switch learn MAC addresses?
  4. What is a MAC address table?
  5. What is a CAM table?
  6. What happens when a switch receives a frame?
  7. What happens if the destination MAC address is known?
  8. What happens if the destination MAC address is unknown?
  9. What is MAC address flooding?
  10. What is a broadcast frame?
  11. What is a broadcast domain?
  12. How does a switch handle broadcast traffic?
  13. What is an unmanaged switch?
  14. What is a managed switch?
  15. What is the difference between a switch and a hub?
  16. Why are switches preferred over hubs?

9.2 Routers

  1. What is a router?
  2. What does a router do?
  3. Why does a router use IP addresses?
  4. What is a routing table?
  5. What information is stored in a routing table?
  6. How does a router decide where to send a packet?
  7. What is the next hop?
  8. What is a default route?
  9. What is a default gateway?
  10. Why does a host need a default gateway?
  11. What happens when a router receives a packet?
  12. What is the difference between switching and routing?
  13. What is the difference between a router and a Layer 3 switch?

9.3 Other Network Devices

  1. What is a wireless access point?
  2. What does an access point do?
  3. What is a firewall?
  4. What is a modem?
  5. What is a repeater?
  6. What is a bridge?
  7. What is a network controller?
  8. What is a wireless LAN controller?
  9. What is the difference between an access point and a wireless router?
  10. What is the role of a firewall in a network?

10.1 Copper Cabling

  1. What is twisted-pair cable?
  2. What is UTP?
  3. What is STP?
  4. What is the difference between UTP and STP?
  5. What is an Ethernet cable?
  6. What is an RJ-45 connector?
  7. What is Cat5e?
  8. What is Cat6?
  9. What is Cat6a?
  10. What is the difference between Cat5e, Cat6 and Cat6a?
  11. What is cable interference?
  12. What is electromagnetic interference?
  13. What is crosstalk?
  14. Why are copper Ethernet cables twisted?
  15. What is the maximum typical distance for copper Ethernet?
  16. What can happen if an Ethernet cable is too long?
  17. How would you test an Ethernet cable?

10.2 Fiber Optics

  1. What is fiber-optic cable?
  2. How does fiber transmit data?
  3. What is single-mode fiber?
  4. What is multimode fiber?
  5. What is the difference between single-mode and multimode fiber?
  6. What are the advantages of fiber over copper?
  7. What are the disadvantages of fiber?
  8. Why is fiber useful for long-distance communication?
  9. What can damage a fiber-optic cable?
  10. How would you troubleshoot a fiber connection?

11.1 Wi-Fi Fundamentals

  1. What is Wi-Fi?
  2. What IEEE standards are associated with Wi-Fi?
  3. What is an SSID?
  4. What is a BSSID?
  5. What is a wireless access point?
  6. What is a wireless client?
  7. What is a wireless channel?
  8. What is channel interference?
  9. What is signal strength?
  10. What is RSSI?
  11. What is wireless bandwidth?
  12. What is latency in a wireless network?
  13. What can reduce Wi-Fi performance?
  14. How can walls affect Wi-Fi?
  15. How can distance affect Wi-Fi?
  16. How can interference affect Wi-Fi?

11.2 Wireless Security

  1. What is WEP?
  2. Why is WEP insecure?
  3. What is WPA?
  4. What is WPA2?
  5. What is WPA3?
  6. What is the difference between WPA2 and WPA3?
  7. What is a Wi-Fi password?
  8. What is wireless authentication?
  9. What is a guest wireless network?
  10. Why should guest users be separated from internal systems?
  11. What is an evil twin attack?
  12. What is a rogue access point?
  13. How can you secure a wireless network?
  14. Why should default Wi-Fi credentials be changed?

12.1 IPv4 Fundamentals

  1. What is IPv4?
  2. How many bits are in an IPv4 address?
  3. How is an IPv4 address represented?
  4. What is an octet?
  5. What is a network portion?
  6. What is a host portion?
  7. What is a subnet mask?
  8. What is CIDR notation?
  9. What does /24 mean?
  10. What does /16 mean?
  11. What does /8 mean?
  12. What is a network address?
  13. What is a broadcast address?
  14. What is a host address?
  15. Which IPv4 addresses are reserved?
  16. What is a private IPv4 address?
  17. What are the private IPv4 ranges?
  18. What is a public IPv4 address?
  19. What is the loopback address?
  20. What is APIPA?
  21. What does 169.254.0.0/16 represent?
  22. What is a default gateway?
  23. Why does a host need a default gateway?

13.1 Subnetting Fundamentals

  1. What is subnetting?
  2. Why do we use subnetting?
  3. What is a subnet?
  4. What is a subnet mask?
  5. What is CIDR?
  6. What does /24 mean?
  7. What does /25 mean?
  8. What does /26 mean?
  9. What does /27 mean?
  10. What does /28 mean?
  11. How many usable hosts can a /24 network have?
  12. How many usable hosts can a /25 network have?
  13. How many usable hosts can a /26 network have?
  14. How many usable hosts can a /27 network have?
  15. How do you calculate the number of hosts in a subnet?
  16. How do you identify the network address?
  17. How do you identify the broadcast address?
  18. How do you identify the usable host range?
  19. How do you determine whether two IP addresses are in the same subnet?
  20. Why is subnetting important for network design?

13.2 Subnetting Practice

  1. What is the network address of 192.168.1.25/24?
  2. What is the broadcast address of 192.168.1.25/24?
  3. What is the usable host range?
  4. What is the network address of 192.168.1.130/25?
  5. What is the broadcast address?
  6. What is the usable host range?
  7. Are 192.168.10.10/24 and 192.168.10.200/24 in the same subnet?
  8. Are 192.168.10.10/25 and 192.168.10.200/25 in the same subnet?
  9. Which subnet contains 10.20.30.75/26?
  10. How many hosts can that subnet support?

14.1 IPv6 Fundamentals

  1. Why was IPv6 introduced?
  2. How many bits are in an IPv6 address?
  3. How is an IPv6 address represented?
  4. What is hexadecimal notation?
  5. What is IPv6 address compression?
  6. What is IPv6 address expansion?
  7. What is a link-local IPv6 address?
  8. What is the IPv6 loopback address?
  9. What is a global unicast address?
  10. What is a unique local address?
  11. What is multicast in IPv6?
  12. Does IPv6 use broadcast?
  13. What is SLAAC?
  14. What is DHCPv6?
  15. What is the difference between SLAAC and DHCPv6?
  16. What is the IPv6 default gateway?
  17. What are the advantages of IPv6?
  18. What are some differences between IPv4 and IPv6?

15.1 Dynamic Addressing

  1. What is DHCP?
  2. Why is DHCP used?
  3. What information can DHCP provide to a client?
  4. What is a DHCP server?
  5. What is a DHCP client?
  6. What is a DHCP lease?
  7. What is the DHCP DORA process?
  8. What does DHCP Discover do?
  9. What does DHCP Offer do?
  10. What does DHCP Request do?
  11. What does DHCP Acknowledgment do?
  12. What happens when a DHCP lease expires?
  13. What happens if a DHCP server is unavailable?
  14. What is a DHCP scope?
  15. What is a DHCP reservation?
  16. What is a DHCP exclusion?
  17. Why might a network use static IP addresses instead of DHCP?

16.1 Domain Name System

  1. What is DNS?
  2. Why do we need DNS?
  3. What is a DNS server?
  4. What is a DNS client?
  5. What is a domain name?
  6. What is a hostname?
  7. What is a fully qualified domain name?
  8. What is an FQDN?
  9. What is a DNS record?
  10. What is an A record?
  11. What is an AAAA record?
  12. What is a CNAME record?
  13. What is an MX record?
  14. What is a PTR record?
  15. What is DNS resolution?
  16. What happens when you type a website name into a browser?
  17. What is DNS caching?
  18. Why can DNS caching cause troubleshooting problems?
  19. What is DNS poisoning?
  20. How would you troubleshoot a DNS problem?
  21. What does nslookup do?
  22. What does dig do?

17.1 Transport Layer

  1. What is the Transport layer?
  2. What is TCP?
  3. What is UDP?
  4. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
  5. Why is TCP considered connection-oriented?
  6. Why is UDP considered connectionless?
  7. What is reliability?
  8. What is retransmission?
  9. What is flow control?
  10. What is TCP sequencing?
  11. What is a TCP port?
  12. What is a source port?
  13. What is a destination port?
  14. What is a TCP three-way handshake?
  15. What is SYN?
  16. What is SYN-ACK?
  17. What is ACK?
  18. Why does TCP use a three-way handshake?
  19. When would UDP be preferred over TCP?
  20. What applications commonly use UDP?

18.1 Protocol Knowledge

  1. What is HTTP?
  2. What is HTTPS?
  3. What is FTP?
  4. What is SFTP?
  5. What is SSH?
  6. What is Telnet?
  7. Why is Telnet insecure?
  8. What is SMTP?
  9. What is POP3?
  10. What is IMAP?
  11. What is SNMP?
  12. What is ICMP?
  13. What is ARP?
  14. What is NTP?
  15. What is LDAP?
  16. Which protocol is used for secure remote administration?
  17. Which protocol is used to resolve domain names?
  18. Which protocol is used to automatically assign IP addresses?
  19. Which protocol is used to synchronize time?
  20. Which protocol is used to test network reachability?

19.1 Important Ports

  1. What is a port number?
  2. Why are ports necessary?
  3. What is TCP port 20?
  4. What is TCP port 21?
  5. What is TCP port 22?
  6. What is TCP port 23?
  7. What is TCP port 25?
  8. What is UDP port 53?
  9. What is TCP port 53?
  10. What is UDP port 67?
  11. What is UDP port 68?
  12. What is TCP port 80?
  13. What is TCP port 110?
  14. What is TCP port 143?
  15. What is TCP port 443?
  16. What is TCP port 445?
  17. What is UDP port 123?
  18. What is UDP port 161?
  19. What is the difference between a port and an IP address?
  20. How can ports help you troubleshoot network problems?

20.1 Address Resolution Protocol

  1. What is ARP?
  2. Why is ARP needed in IPv4 networks?
  3. How does ARP work?
  4. What is an ARP request?
  5. What is an ARP reply?
  6. What is an ARP cache?
  7. How can you view an ARP table?
  8. What happens if a host does not know the MAC address of another host?
  9. What is ARP spoofing?
  10. Why can ARP spoofing be dangerous?

21.1 Network Diagnostics

  1. What is ICMP?
  2. What is ICMP used for?
  3. How does ping use ICMP?
  4. What is an ICMP echo request?
  5. What is an ICMP echo reply?
  6. What does a successful ping tell you?
  7. What does a failed ping tell you?
  8. Can a failed ping always mean that a host is offline?
  9. What is traceroute?
  10. How does traceroute help troubleshoot networks?
  11. What can packet loss indicate?
  12. What can high latency indicate?

22.1 NAT

  1. What is NAT?
  2. Why is NAT used?
  3. What is a private IP address?
  4. What is a public IP address?
  5. How does NAT translate addresses?
  6. What is PAT?
  7. Why is PAT commonly used in home networks?
  8. What happens when a private host accesses the Internet?
  9. What are the advantages of NAT?
  10. What are some limitations of NAT?
  11. How can NAT affect troubleshooting?

23.1 Virtual LANs

  1. What is a VLAN?
  2. Why are VLANs used?
  3. How does a VLAN logically separate devices?
  4. What is VLAN segmentation?
  5. What is a VLAN ID?
  6. What is an access port?
  7. What is a trunk port?
  8. What is the difference between an access port and a trunk port?
  9. What is 802.1Q?
  10. Why are VLANs useful for security?
  11. Why are VLANs useful for network management?
  12. Can devices in different VLANs communicate directly?
  13. What device is normally needed for communication between VLANs?
  14. What is inter-VLAN routing?

24.1 Routing

  1. What is routing?
  2. What is a route?
  3. What is a routing table?
  4. What information does a routing table contain?
  5. What is a directly connected route?
  6. What is a static route?
  7. What is a dynamic route?
  8. What is a default route?
  9. What is a next hop?
  10. What is a routing protocol?
  11. What is the purpose of routing protocols?
  12. What is the difference between static and dynamic routing?
  13. What is a default gateway?
  14. How does a router select a route?
  15. What happens if a router has no route to the destination?

25.1 Basic Concepts

  1. What is a dynamic routing protocol?
  2. Why are dynamic routing protocols useful?
  3. What is RIP?
  4. What is OSPF?
  5. What is EIGRP?
  6. What is BGP?
  7. What is an autonomous system?
  8. What is a routing metric?
  9. What is the purpose of a routing metric?
  10. What is the difference between an interior and exterior routing protocol?
  11. Why is OSPF commonly used in enterprise networks?
  12. Why is BGP important for the Internet?

26.1 Ethernet Switching

  1. How does a switch learn MAC addresses?
  2. What is a MAC address table?
  3. What happens when a switch receives an unknown unicast?
  4. What happens when a switch receives a broadcast?
  5. What happens when a switch receives a frame destined for a known MAC address?
  6. What is frame forwarding?
  7. What is frame flooding?
  8. What is frame filtering?
  9. What is a broadcast domain?
  10. What is a collision domain?
  11. How does a switch affect collision domains?
  12. Why are collisions less common in modern switched networks?

27.1 Securing a Network

  1. Why does a network need security?
  2. What are common network security threats?
  3. What is malware?
  4. What is phishing?
  5. What is a denial-of-service attack?
  6. What is a man-in-the-middle attack?
  7. What is spoofing?
  8. What is MAC spoofing?
  9. What is IP spoofing?
  10. What is ARP spoofing?
  11. What is DNS spoofing?
  12. What is a rogue device?
  13. What is a rogue access point?
  14. What is network segmentation?
  15. Why is network segmentation useful?
  16. What is a firewall?
  17. What is an ACL?
  18. What is an access control list?
  19. What does an ACL do?
  20. What is the principle of least privilege?
  21. Why should unused ports be disabled?
  22. Why should network devices be updated?
  23. Why should default passwords be changed?

28.1 Traffic Filtering

  1. What is a firewall?
  2. What is the purpose of a firewall?
  3. What is packet filtering?
  4. What is a firewall rule?
  5. What is an allow rule?
  6. What is a deny rule?
  7. What is a stateful firewall?
  8. What is a stateless firewall?
  9. What is a host-based firewall?
  10. What is a network firewall?
  11. What is an ACL?
  12. Where can an ACL be applied?
  13. What information can an ACL use to filter traffic?
  14. Why should firewall rules follow least privilege?
  15. What can happen if a firewall rule is too permissive?
  16. Why should firewall configurations be reviewed regularly?

29.1 Monitoring Tools

  1. Why is network monitoring important?
  2. What is network monitoring?
  3. What is network performance monitoring?
  4. What is bandwidth utilization?
  5. What is latency?
  6. What is jitter?
  7. What is packet loss?
  8. What is network availability?
  9. What is SNMP?
  10. What is a network management system?
  11. What is a network log?
  12. What is syslog?
  13. Why are logs important?
  14. What information can network logs provide?
  15. What is a network baseline?
  16. Why is a baseline useful?
  17. How can you identify abnormal network behavior?

30.1 Troubleshooting Process

  1. What is network troubleshooting?
  2. What should you do first when troubleshooting a network problem?
  3. What questions should you ask the user?
  4. How can you identify the symptoms?
  5. How can you determine the scope of the problem?
  6. How can you determine whether the problem affects one device or many devices?
  7. How can you determine whether the problem is physical or logical?
  8. How can the OSI model help?
  9. Why should you start with the simplest possible causes?
  10. Why should you change one thing at a time?
  11. How do you test a hypothesis?
  12. How do you verify the solution?
  13. Why should you document the troubleshooting process?

31.1 Layer 1 Problems

  1. What are common Layer 1 problems?
  2. How can a damaged cable affect connectivity?
  3. How can a disconnected cable affect connectivity?
  4. How can a faulty network port affect connectivity?
  5. How can a powered-off switch affect connectivity?
  6. How can a bad transceiver affect connectivity?
  7. How can interference affect wireless connectivity?
  8. How would you check a network cable?
  9. How would you check whether a network interface is active?
  10. How would you identify a physical layer problem?

32.1 Layer 2 Problems

  1. What are common Layer 2 problems?
  2. What is a MAC address?
  3. What is an incorrect VLAN configuration?
  4. What happens when a device is connected to the wrong VLAN?
  5. What is a switching loop?
  6. What is STP?
  7. Why is STP important?
  8. What is a broadcast storm?
  9. What is MAC address flapping?
  10. How can Layer 2 problems affect connectivity?
  11. How would you troubleshoot a VLAN problem?

33.1 Layer 3 Problems

  1. What are common Layer 3 problems?
  2. What is an incorrect IP address?
  3. What is an incorrect subnet mask?
  4. What is an incorrect default gateway?
  5. What is an incorrect route?
  6. How can duplicate IP addresses cause problems?
  7. How would you identify an IP addressing problem?
  8. How would you test the default gateway?
  9. How would you test connectivity to another subnet?
  10. How would you troubleshoot a routing problem?

34.1 Layer 4 Problems

  1. What are common Transport layer problems?
  2. What is a blocked TCP port?
  3. What is a blocked UDP port?
  4. How can a firewall block an application?
  5. How can incorrect port configuration affect connectivity?
  6. How would you determine whether a specific port is reachable?
  7. What is a connection timeout?
  8. What can cause a TCP connection to fail?

34.2 Application Layer Problems

  1. What are common Application layer problems?
  2. How can DNS cause application problems?
  3. How can HTTP errors help troubleshoot a website?
  4. How can incorrect application configuration cause network problems?
  5. How would you troubleshoot an application that cannot connect to a server?

35.1 Windows Commands

  1. What does ipconfig do?
  2. What does ipconfig /all show?
  3. What does ipconfig /release do?
  4. What does ipconfig /renew do?
  5. What does ipconfig /flushdns do?
  6. What does ping do?
  7. What does tracert do?
  8. What does nslookup do?
  9. What does netstat do?
  10. What does arp do?
  11. What does route do?
  12. What does hostname do?
  13. What does getmac do?
  14. Which command would you use to check DHCP information?
  15. Which command would you use to test DNS resolution?
  16. Which command would you use to test basic connectivity?
  17. Which command would you use to see the path to a remote host?

36.1 Cisco Devices

  1. What is Cisco IOS?
  2. What is a Cisco switch?
  3. What is a Cisco router?
  4. What is the console port?
  5. What is the management interface?
  6. What is the CLI?
  7. Why is the Cisco CLI useful?
  8. What is user EXEC mode?
  9. What is privileged EXEC mode?
  10. What is global configuration mode?
  11. How do you enter privileged EXEC mode?
  12. How do you enter global configuration mode?
  13. How do you return to a previous mode?
  14. What does the enable command do?
  15. What does the configure terminal command do?
  16. What does the show command do?
  17. What does show running-config display?
  18. What does show startup-config display?
  19. What does show ip interface brief display?
  20. What does show interfaces display?
  21. What does show version display?
  22. Why is show useful for troubleshooting?

37.1 Device Configuration

  1. How would you configure a hostname on a Cisco device?
  2. Why should network devices have meaningful hostnames?
  3. How would you configure a console password?
  4. How would you configure an enable password?
  5. What is enable secret?
  6. Why is enable secret preferred over enable password?
  7. How would you configure an IP address on an interface?
  8. How would you enable an interface?
  9. What does the no shutdown command do?
  10. What does the shutdown command do?
  11. How would you save a Cisco configuration?
  12. What is the difference between running configuration and startup configuration?
  13. Why must configuration changes be saved?
  14. What happens if a device loses power before the configuration is saved?

38.1 Interfaces

  1. What is a network interface?
  2. What is an Ethernet interface?
  3. What does "administratively down" mean?
  4. What does "line protocol down" mean?
  5. What does "up/up" mean?
  6. What can cause an interface to be down?
  7. How would you check the status of an interface?
  8. What does show ip interface brief help you identify?
  9. What does show interfaces provide?
  10. How would you troubleshoot an interface that is down?
  11. How would you troubleshoot a port with errors?
  12. What can cause packet errors on an interface?
  13. What can cause duplex mismatch?
  14. What can cause speed mismatch?

39.1 Cisco VLANs

  1. What is a VLAN?
  2. Why are VLANs used?
  3. How do you create a VLAN?
  4. How do you assign a switch port to a VLAN?
  5. What is an access port?
  6. What is a trunk port?
  7. What is VLAN tagging?
  8. What is 802.1Q?
  9. What is the native VLAN?
  10. How would you verify VLAN configuration?
  11. What would happen if a device is assigned to the wrong VLAN?
  12. How would you troubleshoot a VLAN connectivity problem?

40.1 Host Configuration

  1. How do you configure an IP address on Windows?
  2. How do you configure a static IP address?
  3. How do you configure DNS settings?
  4. How do you configure a default gateway?
  5. What happens if the subnet mask is incorrect?
  6. What happens if the default gateway is incorrect?
  7. What happens if DNS is incorrect?
  8. How would you verify the IP configuration?
  9. How would you identify a duplicate IP address?
  10. How would you troubleshoot incorrect IP configuration?

41.1 Performance Concepts

  1. What is bandwidth?
  2. What is throughput?
  3. What is latency?
  4. What is jitter?
  5. What is packet loss?
  6. What is congestion?
  7. What is network utilization?
  8. What is the difference between bandwidth and throughput?
  9. Why can a network have high bandwidth but low performance?
  10. What can cause high latency?
  11. What can cause packet loss?
  12. What can cause jitter?
  13. How would you troubleshoot a slow network?
  14. How would you determine whether the problem is bandwidth-related?

42.1 Reliability

  1. What is network availability?
  2. What is network reliability?
  3. What is redundancy?
  4. Why is redundancy important?
  5. What is a single point of failure?
  6. How can a network eliminate single points of failure?
  7. What is link redundancy?
  8. What is device redundancy?
  9. What is a backup link?
  10. What is high availability?
  11. Why is high availability important in enterprise networks?

43.1 Documentation

  1. Why is network documentation important?
  2. What is a network diagram?
  3. What is a physical network diagram?
  4. What is a logical network diagram?
  5. What information should a network diagram contain?
  6. What is an IP address table?
  7. What is a device inventory?
  8. Why should switch ports be documented?
  9. Why should VLAN information be documented?
  10. Why should network changes be documented?
  11. How can documentation help with troubleshooting?

Scenario 1 — One PC Has No Internet

  1. A single PC cannot access the Internet. What would you check first?
  2. How would you check the physical connection?
  3. How would you check the IP address?
  4. How would you check the default gateway?
  5. How would you test DNS?
  6. How would you determine whether the problem is on the PC or the network?
  7. Which commands would you use?

Scenario 2 — Nobody Has Internet

  1. Ten users suddenly lose Internet access. What would you investigate?
  2. How would you determine the scope of the problem?
  3. Which network devices would you check?
  4. How would you check the default gateway?
  5. How would you determine whether the ISP connection is working?
  6. What would you check before restarting network equipment?
  7. How would you document the incident?

Scenario 3 — DNS Problem

“Users can ping 8.8.8.8, but they cannot open websites by name.”

  1. What does this tell you?
  2. What component would you investigate?
  3. How would you test DNS?
  4. Which command would you use?
  5. How would you determine whether the DNS server is reachable?
  6. How would you fix the problem?

Scenario 4 — DHCP Problem

“A new computer receives an IP address beginning with 169.254.”

  1. What does this indicate?
  2. What is APIPA?
  3. Why did the computer receive this address?
  4. What would you check first?
  5. How would you verify DHCP connectivity?
  6. What devices could cause the problem?
  7. How would you resolve it?

Scenario 5 — Wrong VLAN

“A PC can communicate with some devices but cannot reach devices in another department.”

  1. What could cause this problem?
  2. What would you check on the switch?
  3. What is the PC's VLAN?
  4. What is an access port?
  5. Could the problem be related to routing?
  6. How would you determine whether inter-VLAN routing is working?

Scenario 6 — Slow Wi-Fi

“Users complain that Wi-Fi is extremely slow.”

  1. What possible causes would you investigate?
  2. How could signal strength affect performance?
  3. How could interference affect performance?
  4. How could channel congestion affect performance?
  5. How would you determine whether the problem affects one user or everyone?
  6. How would you test the connection?
  7. What improvements could you recommend?

Scenario 7 — Duplicate IP Address

“Two computers report an IP address conflict.”

  1. What is an IP address conflict?
  2. What can cause duplicate IP addresses?
  3. How would you identify the affected devices?
  4. How would you determine whether DHCP is involved?
  5. How would you resolve the problem?
  6. How could you prevent it from happening again?

Scenario 8 — Switch Port Problem

“A PC suddenly loses network connectivity after being moved to another desk.”

  1. What would you check first?
  2. Could the switch port be the problem?
  3. Could the VLAN be the problem?
  4. Could the cable be the problem?
  5. Which Cisco commands could help?
  6. How would you verify the switch port configuration?

Scenario 9 — Routing Problem

“A user can communicate with devices on the local network but cannot reach another subnet.”

  1. What does this tell you?
  2. What network layer would you investigate?
  3. What would you check on the default gateway?
  4. What would you check on the router?
  5. What is a routing table?
  6. What is a default route?
  7. How would you test the route?

Scenario 10 — Network Loop

“The network becomes extremely slow after someone connects a second cable between two switches.”

  1. What could be happening?
  2. What is a switching loop?
  3. What is a broadcast storm?
  4. What is STP?
  5. Why does STP exist?
  6. How would you identify the affected ports?
  7. How would you resolve the problem?

Scenario 11 — Rogue Access Point

  1. What is a rogue access point?
  2. Why is it dangerous?
  3. How could you identify it?
  4. How could you prevent unauthorized access points?
  5. What should you do after discovering one?

Scenario 12 — ARP Spoofing

  1. What is ARP spoofing?
  2. How does ARP normally work?
  3. How can an attacker abuse ARP?
  4. What symptoms could indicate ARP spoofing?
  5. How could you investigate it?
  6. How could network segmentation help?

Scenario 13 — Firewall Problem

“A user can access the Internet but cannot connect to an internal application.”

  1. What could cause this?
  2. What ports does the application use?
  3. How could a firewall block the connection?
  4. How would you test whether a port is reachable?
  5. What firewall configuration would you examine?

46. Important "Difference Between" Questions

  1. What is the difference between a switch and a router?
  2. What is the difference between a hub and a switch?
  3. What is the difference between an access point and a router?
  4. What is the difference between LAN and WAN?
  5. What is the difference between LAN and WLAN?
  6. What is the difference between MAC and IP addresses?
  7. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
  8. What is the difference between public and private IP addresses?
  9. What is the difference between static and dynamic IP addressing?
  10. What is the difference between DHCP and DNS?
  11. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
  12. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?
  13. What is the difference between FTP and SFTP?
  14. What is the difference between SSH and Telnet?
  15. What is the difference between a frame and a packet?
  16. What is the difference between a packet and a segment?
  17. What is the difference between bandwidth and throughput?
  18. What is the difference between latency and bandwidth?
  19. What is the difference between a broadcast and a unicast?
  20. What is the difference between a VLAN and a subnet?
  21. What is the difference between an access port and a trunk port?
  22. What is the difference between a physical and logical topology?
  23. What is the difference between a static route and a dynamic route?
  24. What is the difference between a default route and a specific route?
  25. What is the difference between UTP and fiber?
  26. What is the difference between single-mode and multimode fiber?
  27. What is the difference between a firewall and an ACL?
  28. What is the difference between a MAC address table and a routing table?
  29. What is the difference between DNS resolution and DHCP?
  30. What is the difference between troubleshooting Layer 1 and Layer 3?

47. "Explain It Without Technical Jargon"

  1. Explain what a router does to a non-technical person.
  2. Explain what a switch does to a non-technical person.
  3. Explain what DNS does using a real-world example.
  4. Explain DHCP using a real-world example.
  5. Explain an IP address using a real-world example.
  6. Explain a MAC address using a real-world example.
  7. Explain a subnet using a real-world example.
  8. Explain a firewall using a real-world example.
  9. Explain Wi-Fi interference to a non-technical user.
  10. Explain why a computer may have an IP address but still have no Internet access.
  11. Explain why DNS problems can make the Internet appear to be down.
  12. Explain why a default gateway is necessary.
  13. Explain why a switch and a router are different.
  14. Explain what happens when someone opens a website.
  15. Explain what happens when a computer joins a network.

48. Final CCST Networking Mock Exam — Oral Questions

  1. What happens when a computer starts and connects to a network?
  2. What happens when you enter www.example.com into a browser?
  3. How does DNS resolve a domain name?
  4. How does DHCP provide an IP address?
  5. How does a switch forward an Ethernet frame?
  6. How does a router forward an IP packet?
  7. What happens when a host wants to communicate with another subnet?
  8. How does ARP work?
  9. How does TCP establish a connection?
  10. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
  11. How does HTTPS protect communication?
  12. How would you troubleshoot a computer with no Internet?
  13. How would you troubleshoot a DNS problem?
  14. How would you troubleshoot a DHCP problem?
  15. How would you troubleshoot a VLAN problem?
  16. How would you troubleshoot a routing problem?
  17. How would you troubleshoot slow Wi-Fi?
  18. How would you troubleshoot packet loss?
  19. How would you troubleshoot high latency?
  20. How would you troubleshoot a switch port?
  21. How would you troubleshoot a router interface?
  22. What would you check if two computers have an IP conflict?
  23. What would you check if a device receives a 169.254.x.x address?
  24. What would you check if you can ping an IP address but cannot access the website by name?
  25. What would you check if you can access the local network but not the Internet?
  26. What would you check if one VLAN cannot communicate with another VLAN?
  27. What would you check if all users suddenly lose network connectivity?
  28. How would you use the OSI model to troubleshoot a network problem?
  29. Which Windows commands would you use to troubleshoot connectivity?
  30. Which Cisco IOS commands would you use to troubleshoot a switch?
  31. What is the difference between a MAC address and an IP address?
  32. What is the difference between a switch and a router?
  33. What is the difference between a VLAN and a subnet?
  34. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
  35. What is the difference between DHCP and DNS?
  36. What is the difference between bandwidth and throughput?
  37. What is the difference between a frame and a packet?
  38. What is the difference between an access port and a trunk port?
  39. What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?
  40. Explain the complete path of a packet from a user's computer to a server on the Internet.